The 1857 revolt was caused by a number of factors, both immediate and long term.
The following are some of the most important causes of the revolt:
• The Policy of Annexation: One of the main reasons for the outbreak of the revolt was the policy of annexation pursued by the British. This policy led to the annexation of several native states, which made the people feel that their rights were being usurped.
• The Doctrine of Lapse: The Doctrine of Lapse was another major cause of the revolt. This doctrine allowed the British to annex any native state whose ruler died without a male heir. This led to great unrest among the people, as they felt that their rights were being snatched away.
• Discrimination against Indians: The British policy of discrimination against Indians was another important factor that led to the revolt. The British favoured Europeans over Indians in all aspects of life, which led to a feeling of resentment among the people.
• The Economic Policies of the British: The economic policies of the British also contributed to the outbreak of the revolt. The tax policies and other measures adopted by the British led to economic hardship for the people, which made them resentful of British rule.
• The Social Policies of the British: The social policies of the British also played a role in causing the revolt. The policy of introducing western education and culture led to a feeling of alienation among the people.
• Greased Cartilages: The introduction of greased cartridges was the immediate cause of the revolt. The cartridges used in the new rifles had to be greased with tallow, which is a substance derived from animal fat. This led to great resentment among the Hindu and Muslim soldiers, as they felt that this was against their religious beliefs.
