(i) Take a coil AB of wire having a large number of turns. Connect the ends of coil to a sensitive galvanometer as shown in figure.
Take a strong bar magnet and move its north pole towards the end ‘A’ of coil. The deflection in the needle of galvanometer indicates that the induced current flows in the circuit in anticlockwise direction. The end A of the coil behaves as a north pole. When north pole of the magnet moves away from the coil, the deflection in the galvanometer occurs but in opposite direction.
Similar observations can be made when south pole of the magnet is moved towards the coil or away from it.
When magnet is kept at rest with respect to the coil, the deflection in the needle of galvanometer drops to zero.
Thus, the motion of a magnet, with respect to the coil, produces an induced potential difference which sets up an induced electric current in the circuit.
The direction of electric current thus generated in the coil can be found by using the Fleming’s right-hand rule.
(ii)Fleming’s right-hand rule: Stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of right hand in such a way that they are mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger indicates the direction of magnetic field and thumb shows the direction of motion of the conductor, then the middle finger will indicate the direction of induced current.
(a) If current in the coil P is changed, the magnetic field lines of forces linked with coil Q also change. So, induced potential difference is set up in the coil Q. This results in induced electric current in coil Q which opposes the change in current in coil P.
(b) If both the coils are moved in the same direction with the same speed, there will be no relative motion between them and hence, there will be no change in magnetic field lines of force associated with the secondary coil. Hence, no current will be induced in the coil.
