We have (x4 – 2x2 + 3) = (x2 – 1)2 + 2 ≥ 2
Let g(x) = (x4 – 2x3 + 3) and h(x) = log(x4 – 2x2 + 3)
Now, Rg = [2, ∞)
and Rh = (log0.5 (∞), log0.5 (2)] = (–∞, –1]
Also, Range of cot–1 x is (0, π) and cot–1 x is a decreasing function.
Thus, Rf = [cot–1(–1), π) = [3(π/4), π)