The process of settling of colloidal particles through induced aggregation by the addition of some suitable electrolyte is known as coagulation. Three methods by which coagulation of lyophobic sols can be carried out are:
(i) Electrophoresis: During electrophoresis the colloidal particles move towards oppositely charged electrodes, get discharged and coagulated.
(ii) Boiling: On boiling a sol, the adsorbed layer is disturbed due to increased collision with the molecules of dispersion medium. This reduces the charge on the particles which ultimately settle down in the form of a precipitate.
(iii) Addition of Electrolytes: When excess of an electrolyte is added to a colloidal solution, the colloids interact with ions carrying charge opposite to that present on themselves. This causes neutralisation leading to their coagulation.
