(a) Carbondioxide (CO2) is necessary for the photosynthesis.
(b) Wide mouthed bottle, split cork, KOH solution, Iodine, Potted plant.
(c) KOH is used for the absorption of CO2 in the bottle.
(d) We should test two leaves of which one must be having the availability of CO2 and other must not be having the availability of CO2 to prove that CO2 is essential for the photosynthesis.