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(1) Draw a line land mark a point A on it.
(2) By adjusting the compasses up to 7.8 cm, draw an arc to cut 1 on B, while putting the pointer of compasses on point A. \(\over{AB}\) is the line segment of 7.8 cm.
(3) By adjusting the compasses up to 4.7 cm. draw an arc to cut 1 on C, while putting the pointer of compasses on point A. \(\over{AC}\) is the line segment of 4.7 cm.
(4) Now, put the ruler along with this line such that 0 mark of the ruler will match with point C. On reading the position of point B, it comes to 3.1 cm, \(\over{BC} \) is 3.1 cm