What are hydrocarbons? Give examples. (b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated

Question

(a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples.

(b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each.

(c) What is a functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.

Answer 1

(a) Compounds of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. Example, methane, ethane etc.

(b) Saturated hydrocarbons contain carbon-
carbon single bonds. 

Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain atleast one carbon-
carbon double or triple bond.

(c) Functional group: An atom/group of atoms joined in a specific manner which is responsible for the characteristic chemical properties of the organic compounds. Examples are hydroxyl group (-OH), aldehyde group (-CHO), carboxylic group (-COOH) etc.