It is clear from the geographical analysis of world population distribution that approximately 80 per cent of world population resides between 20° to 60° northern latitudes. 50 per cent of earth’s surface is not favourable to live, in, so it is almost deserted. In this way, a large part of world population resides in four vast regions. Which are very suitable parts on continents to live in.These vast habitated regions are called agglomerations.
These major agglomerations are:
1. Asian agglomeration
2. European agglomeration
3. American agglomeration
4. African agglomeration.
The brief description of these four agglomerations is given as below :
1. Asian Agglomeration:
Situation: This agglomeration is located between 10° to 40° North latitudes. Many fertile plains are built here by the soil brought by several rivers. Except Japan, all the Asian countries have the economy based on agriculture.
Area: It’s extent is in the west, from Pakistan to India, Myanmar, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam to China, Japan and Korea towards the east. In this whole region, Monsoon climate is found. Therefore, it is also called Monsoon Asia. Asian agglomeration has further been divided into three sub – divisions:
- East Asia – China, Japan, Korea.
- South – East Asia – Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam.
- South Asia – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka.
Speciality: Rapid increasing population, dependency on agriculture at large scale, large unemployment, lack of settlement and food, and poverty are some of the conditions seen in this region.
2. European Agglomeration:
Situation: European agglomeration lies between 40° to 60° North latitudes. It is highly dense between the 45° to 55° latitudes in the North. It is seen in the edge of coal belt. Modern industries and metropolitan cities have been mostly developed in this region.
Area: This area extends to Russia, Great Britain, France, Spain, Netherland, Poland, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary.
Speciality: European agglomeration has the highest population after Asia. In Russia 74.0 crore population resides out of which 75% part of population lives in European agglomeration. There is both low birth and death rate. About 70 per cent of its population is urban.
3. American Agglomeration
Situation: This agglomeration is located in the North-East part of America. 80 per cent population of this agglomeration dwells in the Eastern part of 100° longitudes and between 30° to 45° Northern latitudes.
Area: This agglomeration is spread in the North-Eastern part of America and Eastern coastal part of Canada. Concentration point of the agglomeration is the lakes region of North America. Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, Dominican and Haiti are included in it.
Speciality: It is the third largest agglomeration of the world. It is not only the newest, but also a developed agglomeration. About 90 per cent population of this agglomeration comes from the European part of continent by migration.
4. African Agglomeration
Situation: The extension of African agglomeration is found in a certain form. The Nile River Valley is the centre of ancient civilisation. Besides, eight mineral resources play an important role to make this agglomeration developed.
Area: The concentration of this agglomeration is found in three regions. First, Nile River Valley region, second, Guinea coast between Zambia and Niger River Valley, and third one, South Eastern coastal part of South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt, South Africa, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Algeria, Morocco, Uganda, etc. countries are included in this assemblage.
Speciality: It is the most backward agglomeration of the world. The highest birth and death rates of the world are found in this region.
