Historical or Evolutionary Theory of Origin of State:
Historical or evolutionary theory of origin of the state is considered to be scientific and logical because divine origin theory, force theory, social contract theory, patriarchal theory and matriarchal theory, all are based on speculations. State is not an organization created at a specific time, rather it is the result of evolution of centuries. It came into existence gradually.
Process of evolution of state had not remained the same. It was different in different times and circumstances. This theory considers state a natural and obvious organization. State has achieved its present nature with the development of society, culture, civilization and science. According to this theory, many elements have contributed in the development of state.
These elements are:
1. Natural Social Nature (Tendency):
By nature, man is a social and political animal and his tendency of living in groups gave shape to the state. The need of a sovereign organization was felt for the solution of conflicts among different individuals in the society. Thus, state was created.
2. Blood Relation:
In ancient times, blood relation aroused the feeling of unity and organization. The oldest and closest unit of blood relation was the family. Along with the increase in population and families, castes and clans were created, and then the society was originated, which took shape of a state in the course of time.
3. Religion:
Religion also played an important role in the development of state like blood relations. Like blood relations, it worked for connecting the ancient men and society. Men used to perform rituals on the deaths of the old people of their families. Natural powers like Earth, Sun, Fire, Indra, etc. were also worshiped. Individuals felt the power of God in everything natural and in every change also. A deep friendship grew among the worshiped of same power which later became the basis of the state.
4. Force:
The process of changing the social system into political system was caned out through wars. Personal property emerged through the development in agriculture and business. Wars were fought for the protection of this property. People started accepting the leadership of powerful persons for their security. Thus, state was originated from force or wars.
5. Economic Activities:
Economic activities of men also had a great role in the development of state. Men had passed through four stages of economic activities from ancient times to present times : Hunting stage, Cattle Rearing stage, Agricultural stage and Industrial stage. Political organizations of men underwent great changes with this economic development. Thus, economic abilities had affected development of the state.
6. Political Awareness:
The most important element in development of state is political awareness along with religion, blood relations and social awareness. Some fixed political aims are achieved through this political awareness. Need of such political organization and laws was felt which could maintain peace and harmony to safeguard the lives of people, property and stabalise the family relations due to increasing population. As a result, government and laws were created and a concrete form of state came into existence.
