Forests are considered the ‘green gold’ of a country. The very survival of humans and other living beings is dependent on trees and plants which are a major source of oxygen-the vital gas for our respiration. They also act as a ‘sink’ for the carbon dioxide exhaled by humans and animals and spewed from the chimneys and by the automobiles.
Forests play a vital role in sustaining our life and the nation’s economy. They provide oxygen without which life is not possible on earth. They maintain a healthy gaseous balance in the atmosphere. They are great moderators of climate. Plants increase the humidity of water vapour from their exposed surfaces by way of transpiration.
As one may be aware, forests extensively control soil erosion and landslides. Forests in the hilly areas keep the soil of riverbanks intact with their extensive root system. They also maintain the stability of the mountain slopes. The aerial parts of the plants intercept rain, decreasing its erosive power. Ground flora and the thick layer of litter and humus in the forests act as sponge and help to retain the water received in the form of rain or through the melting of snow; this prevents floods in the plains. By decreasing the velocity of water coming down the hills, forests help in greater absorption of water by the soil in the plains and thus preventing droughts. As the soil retains its moisture, it is released slowly, giving rise to perennial streams and rivulets.
The material advantage, offered by forests needs no mention. Through centuries forests have provided us fuel, fodder and timber wood; our several industries are based on certain resources which are found in the woods. Our paper pulp, rayon and plywood industries are completely dependent on forest produce. Trees provide drugs, spices, fruits, fibers, gums, resins, rubber and latex. Raw materials required by the dyeing and tanning industry include myrobalan, oliseeds, honey, beeswax, bidi leaves and sandalwood. It is estimated that our national income via these products and timber wood is more than 600 crores of rupees per annum.
1. Write the phrase the author uses to highlight the outstanding importance of forests.
2. How do trees maintain a healthy gaseous balance in the atmosphere?
3. How do forests control soil erosion?
4. How do forests prevent floods?
5. How do forests prevent droughts?
6. Who give rise to perennial streams and rivulets.
7. Mention two material advantages offered by forests.
8. Give the opposites of the following from the passage :
(i) inhaled
(ii) decrease.
