The ultimate motive of this religion is to achieve moksha. To achieve this, three measures were given by Mahavir Swami which later called as Tri-ratna.
Jain religion’s philosophical thought starts from here:
1. Right Knowledge (Samyak Gyan): True knowledge should achieve by the study of thoughts of tirthankaras.
2. Right Perception (Samyak Darshan): To keep full faith in Tirthankaras.
3. Right Character (Samyak Charitra): Man can achieve true knowledge by controlling his sense organs.
Five teachings of Jain philosophy are:
1. Non-violence: It is the soul of Mahavir’s teachings. Ahimsa means feeling of kindness, equality and sendee to others.
2. Truthfulness (Satya): One should speak truth in any condition.
3. Non-stealing (Asteya): Theft is a wrong deed.
4. Non-covetiousness (Aprigrah): No large possessions. Keep according to needs. It keeps away from greed and attachment.
5. Celibacy (Brahamcharya): Mahavir joined 5th Mahavrata in four measures of Tirathankar Parshvnath as four mahavratas cannot be kept without 5th. According to Mahavir, cause of world’s happiness and grief is ‘mana’. If one can control Mana or Soul, He can get Moksha or salvation.
Tapasya and Upasna: To control mana and keep five Mahavratas, he stressed on Tapa and Upasana.
Tapsya is of two types:
1. External
2. Internal.
By external Tapa, a person gets capability of internal tapa.
Upvas: It makes soul and body pure and way to get moksha is cleared. Mahavir believed in soul and its immortality. He believed in theoiy of Karma Le. transmigration of soul occurs due to Karma and rebirth takes place. He was against untouchability and casteism. He gave respect to women. He opposed violence and social evils.
Principle of Syadvad or Anekantvad: It is the main mantra of tolerance and coordination. Not giving respect to others is the cause of tension today in the world. Jain philosophy gives the inspiration of purity of soul.
