Physiographical Regions of Rajasthan are:
1. Western Thar Desert Region.
2. Aravalli Mountainous Region.
3. Eastern Plain Region.
4. South-Eastern Plateau (Pleateau of Hadoti).
1. Western Marusthali Region:
Western region of the Aravalli ranges of Rajasthan is the arid and semi arid Marusthali region. It is known as the Thar Marusthal because of its own peculiarities. It covers the districts of Jaisalmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Pali, Jalore, Nagaur, Sikar, Churu, Jhunjhunu, Hanumangarh and Ganganagar. This region is further divided into four parts because of its diverse relief feature in different parts and they are:
1. Dry-sandy or Marusthali
2. Luni-Jawai Basin
3. Shekhawati Region
4. Ghaggar Plain
(1) Marusthali Region:
It covers the western parts of Churu and Jodhpur districts besides the districts of Jaisalmer and Bikaner. It is the dry Marusthali region and receives the annual average rainfall less than 25 cm. It has a vast extent of sandy domes.
(2) Luni-Jawai Basin:
It is a semi-arid region where Luni and its main Jawai and other auxiliary rivers flow. It covers the districts of Pali, Jalore and Jodhpur and the Western parts of Nagaur district. It is a river based plain, and is also known as the Luni Basin.
(3) Shekhawati Region:
It is popularly known as the Bagar region. It is spread over the districts of Jhunjhunu, Sikar and Churu and the northern part of the Nagaur district. It is a sandy region and it has sandy domes of less elevation. It has many salt water pits, such as Didwana, Degana, Sujangarh, Talchappar, Parihara, Kuchaman, etc.
(4) Ghaggar Plain:
The plain region of Ganganagar and Hanumangarh district has come into existence as a result of floods in the river Ghaggar. Presently the Ghaggar river is called the Dead River because its water flow surface is not regular, but during the rainy season it is flooded. It is in fact the ancient vedic period Saraswati river which has become extinct.
2. Aravalli Mountainous Region:
Aravalli is the oldest mountain range in the world. It runs diagonally from South-West to North-East in the state. The mountain ranges stretch from Delhi in the North to Palampur in Gujarat covering a distance of about 692 km. It is spread over the seven districts of the state — Sirohi, Udaipur, Rajsamand, Ajmer, Jaipur, Dausa and Alwar.
The Aravalli Mountain region has its three sub- divisions:
1. Southern Aravalli Region
2. Central Aravalli Region
3. Northern Aravalli Region
(1) Southern Aravalli Region: It includes Sirohi, Udaipur and Rajsamand districts. It has Guru Shikhar mountain, the highest peak of Rajasthan. It is 1722 m high.
(2) Central Aravalli Region: It has extent mainly in Ajmer district. This region has mountain ranges as well as narrow valleys and plain surface.
(3) Northern Aravalli Region: It has its extent mainly in Jaipur, Alwar and Dausa districts. Hills in this region have height varying between 450 m to 750 m.
3. Eastern Plain Region:
The eastern part of Rajasthan is plain. It covers the plain areas of Bharatpur, Alwar, Dhaulpur, Karauli, Sawai Madhopur, Jaipur, Dausa, Tonk and Bhilwara districts. It is the river basin region. It has three sub-regions:
1. Banas-Baanganga Basin
2. Chambal Basin
3. Central Mahi Basin or Chhappar Plain
4. South-Eastern Plateau Region and Hadauti:
It is the extension of the Malwa plateau and is stretched over Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar and Baran districts. The height of this region is 500 m and there are many small mountain ranges and among them the Bundi, and the Mukandara hills are important. River Chambal and its main auxiliaries — Kali Sindh, Parvan and Parvati rivers flow through this region and they make the land cultivable.
