Certain communities frequently have worms, clams shrimp, and many other organisms clustered together. These communities nestle around hydrothermal vents where superheated water, springs from the bottom of the ocean. The bacteria present in these communities have a special enzyme that allows them to form organic matter through chemosynthesis. They are found off the shore in Japan, deep in the ocean where no sunlight can penetrate. In this unusual ecosystem :
(a) there is no photosynthesis
(b) no energy is transferred between trophic levels
(c) temperature is the most important biotic factor
(d) producers eat consumers
