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Explain the following terms : 

(i) Stagger 

(ii) Athlete 

(iii) Shoulder Shrug 

(iv) Heat 

(v) Lane

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(i) Stagger : The arrangement of the runners in lanes on a running Athletic track at the start of a race, so that the runner in the inside lane is positioned behind those in the next lane and so on until the outside lane. This is done to place the runners to run the equal distance for a specified distance race. 

Stagger for 400 m track 

= 2 – (1.22 × (Lane – 1)) 

For example, applying the formula to lane six: 

Stagger = 6.283184 (1.22 × 5) = 6.283184 × 6.1 

= 38.327

(ii) Athlete : A person who takes part in competitive track and field events (athletics).

(iii) Shoulder Shrug : Shoulder shrugging technique is a type of finishing the athlete shrugs his opposite shoulder to the tape by turning the chest sideways into the tape at the very last movement.

(iv) Heat : One of a series of races or competitions, the winners of which then compete against each other in the next part of the competition.

(v) Lane : A narrow marked section of a track or that is used by one person taking part in a race. The track should have a minimum of 6 and a maximum of 8 lanes separated and bounded on both sides by white lines 50mm wide. The lanes shall all be 1.22m ± 0.01m wide including the lane line on the right. 

Note : For all tracks constructed before 1 January 2004, the lanes may have a width of maximum 1,25 m. However, when such a track is fully resurfaced or replaced, the lane width shall comply with this Rule.

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