(i) For short duration: Limewater turns milky due to the formation of CaCO3, Which is insoluble in water.
Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) →CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
Ca(OH)2 - Lime water
CaCO3(s)-White ppt.
(ii) For Long duration: A clear solution is obtained due to the formation of calcium bicarbonate. Ca (HCO3)2 Which is soluble in water
CaCO3(s)+ H2O(l)+CO2(g) → Ca(HCO3)2(aq)