(i) Restriction enzymes recognize and cleaves a specific short DNA sequence at recognition site. They are used in r-DNA technology as molecular scissors. DNA ligases are the enzymes used to join cut ends of vector DNA and the target DNA by their sticky ends.
(ii) Shuttle vectors is a plasmid containing vector, that can replicate in two different organisms- prokaryote and eukaryote, due to the presence of two different origin of replication i.e, Ori Euk, Ori E-coli.
Expression vectors in addition to incorporate desired gene into the host cell, also help to produce high amount of proteins enclosed by the DNA insert, because of presence of promoter sequence and a terminator sequence along with insert.
