Question

State one difference between each of the following: 

(a) Consumer Goods and Producers’Goods 

(b) Orientation Training and Refresher Training 

(c) Transfer and Promotion 

(d) Historical Costs and Predetermined Costs 

(e) Advertising and Publicity

Answer 1

(a)

Consumer Goods	Producer's Goods
Consumer goods are those products which are directly used by the  ultimate consumer or households. For Example : Milk, Butter, Television etc.	Producer's goods are those products which are purchased for use in manufacturing other goods. For Example : Cotton is used for making clothes.

(b) 

Orientation Training	Refresher Training
Orientation training refers to t training given to new employees to familiarise them with the policies, rules and regulations of the organisation.	Refresher training is designed to teach employees latest development in work methods and procedures.

(c)

Transfer	Promotion
A Transfer means shifting of an employee form one place to another without any change in rank responsibility  and remuneration	A promotion means shifting of an employee form a lower post to a higher post
Transfer is a Horizontal movement of an employee.	Promotion involves a vertical movement or advancement of an employee.

(d) 

Historical Costs	Predetermined Costs
The costs which are ascertained after being incurred are called historical costs. it is also known as original costs.	Predetermined costs are those costs which are estimated or budgeted. They are computed in advance of production keeping in view past cost or future trends.

(e)

 

Advertising	Publicity
Advertising communicates only commercial information to the public.	Publicity may nor may not be related with the communication of commercial information.
The advertise has to pay to media owners.	The individual or firm involved does not have to pay.