(a) During the 19th century, the two social evils that existed in India were Sati Pratha and problems of widows as they were not permitted to remarry. The British Government passed the widow Re-marriage Act in 1856 and the Abolition of Sati Act in 1829 „to remove those evils.
(b) 1. Introduction of western education.
2. Development of transport and communication.
(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Contributions:
(i) In 1896 he led a ‘No Rent Campaign’ to expose the British who misruled our country.
(ii) He launched the Home Rule Movement which infused the nation with new strength and vigour.
(d) The Rowlatt Act (1919) was passed to curb the growing nationalist upsurge in the country. This act gave the authority to British Government, to attain and detain suspected Indians.
(e) The two events which led to the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930 are as follows :
(i) Reaction against the Simon Commission and death of Lala Lajpat Rai.
(ii) Lahore session of the Congress in December, 1929 declared ‘Purna Swaraj’ as India’s goal.
(f) The aims of the Muslim league were:
1. To promote feelings of loyalty among Indian Muslims towards the British Government.
2. To protect the political and other rights of the Muslims and present them before the Government in mild language.
3. To promote friendly feelings between Muslims and other communities of India without any harm to the objectives of the League.
4. One of the main objectives of the Muslim League was to keep the Muslim intelligensia away from the mainstream of National Movement.
(g) In August 1939 Germany signed a Non-aggression Pact with Russia. Poland was accused of committing atrocities against Germans living there. On 1st Sept. 1939 German troops stormed into Poland. When Hitler was asked by England to vacate Poland he refused to do so. On Sept. 3, 1939. Britain and France declared a war against Germany and began to Second World War.
(h) The two similarities between Fascism and Nazism are:
1. Both Mussolini and Hitler aimed at restoring the status and dignity of their nations by making them strong powers.
2. Both aimed at providing strong, stable and efficient Governments.
3. Both uphold one party and one man rule, to believe in aggression, to glorify war, anti-democracy.
(i) UNICEF (United Nations International Children Emergency Fund). The UNICEF was established in 1946 to deliver relief to Children and their Mothers immediately after the Second World War. The Original purpose of setting up this agency was to helped those countries, which were unable to meet the need of their children out of their own resource.
(j) Two Reasons:
1. If Britain and France granted reasonable concession genuine grievances to Germany and Italy, they would be satisfied and would not do anything to disturb the peace of the world.
2. The western power of Britain and France should start a vigorous programme of rearmament so that the dictators did not increase their demands any more.
