(c) Duarte Barbosa (C. 1480, Lisbon, Portugal – 1 May 1521, Philippines) was a Portuguese writer and Portuguese India officer between 1500 and 1516– 1517, with the post of scrivener in Cannanore factory and sometimes interpreter of the local language (malayalam). Niccolò de’ Conti (1395–1469) was a Venetian merchant and explorer, born in Chioggia, who travelled to India and Southeast Asia, and possibly to Southern China, during the early 15th century. Kamal-ud-Din Abdur-Razzaq ibn Ishaq Samarqandi, (1413–1482), was a Uzbek chronicler and Islamic scholar. He was the ambassador of Shah Rukh, the Timurid dynasty ruler of Persia to Calicut, India, from January 1442 to January 1445. Afanasy Nikitin (died 1472) was a Russian merchant and one of the first Europeans to travel to and document his visit to India.
