Question

Describe about lithium-ion battery and its uses.

Answer 1

1. Lithium-ion battery

Anode – Porous graphite 

Cathode – Transition metal oxide as CoO₂ 

Electrolyte – Lithium salt in an organic solvent

2. At the anode oxidation occurs

Li_(s) → Li⁺_(aq) + e^-

At the cathode reduction Occurs. 

Li⁺ + CoO_2(s) + e- → Li CoO_2(s)

3. Overall reactions

Li_(s) + CoO₂  → Li CoO_2(s)

4. Both electrodes allow Li ions to move in and out of their structures. During discharge the Li ions produced at the anode moves towards cathode through the non-aquaeous electrolyte. 

5. When a potential greater than the emf produced by the cell is applied across the electrode, the cell reaction is reversed and now the Li ions move from cathode to anode where they become embedded on the porous electrode. This is known as intercalation.

6. Uses: This Li-ion battery is used in cellular phones, Laptop computer and digital camera.