All organic reactions can be understood by following the electron movements.
- Lone pair becomes a bonding pair.
- Bonding pair becomes a lone pair.
- A bond breaks and becomes another bond.
The electron movement depends on the nature of the substrate, reagent and the prevailing conditions.
Type – 1.
A lone Pair to a bonding pair

Type – 2.
A bonding pair to a lone Pair

Type – 3.
A bonding pair to an another bonding pair
