Question

Give an example for each of the following statements. 

(a). a compound in which two Covalent bonds are formed 

(b). a compound in which one ionic bond is formed 

(c). a compound in which two Covalent and one Coordinate bonds are formed 

(d). a compound in which three covalent bonds are formed 

(e). a compound in which Coordinate bond is formed

Answer 1

(a). Formation of oxygen molecule (O₂) 

Each oxygen atom has six valence electrons (2, 6). These two atoms achieve a stable electronic configuration (octet) by sharing two pair of electrons. Hence a double bond is formed in between the two atoms.

(b). Formation of Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂) 

Magnesium Chloride (MgCl₂) is an ionic compound formed when the magnesium ion loses two electrons to gain the noble state which is accepted by chloride ion.

(c). Formation of coordinate covalent bond between NH₃ ➝ BF₃ molecules 

NH₃ ➝ BF₃ is a compound formed by coordinate covalent bonding. Here one pair of electrons from ammonia molecule is shared with electron deficit boron trifluoride. This type of bonding is also known as Dative bond.

(d). Formation of nitrogen molecule (N₂) 

Nitrogen molecule (N₂) is formed by three covalent bonds where three pairs of electrons are shared between the two to achieve a stable configuration.

(e). Formation of coordinate covalent bond in ammonium ion (NH⁴⁺) 

In ammonia molecule the central nitrogen atom has five valence electrons (2,5) among which three electrons are shared with three hydrogen atoms and still it has an unshared lone pair of electrons. This lone pair electrons are donated to a Hydrogen ion and thus a N ➝ H coordinate covalent bond is formed in ammonium ion molecule (NH₄⁺)