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Factorize the following expressions using a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2) identity

(i) h3 + k2

(ii) 2a3 + 16

(iii) x3y3 + 27

(iv) 64m3 + n3

(v) r4 + 27p3r

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(i) h3 + k3

Comparing h3 + k3 with a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2) we have a = h, b = k

∴ h3 + k3 = (h + k)(h2 – hk + k2)

(ii) 2a2 + 16

(2 × a3) + (2 × 8) = 2(a3 + 8) = 2 (a3 + 23)

∴ 2a3 + 16 = 2 (a3 + 23)

Comparing with a3 + b3 we have a = a and b = 2

a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)

2(a3 + 23) = 2[(a + 2) (a2 – (a) (2) + 22)] = 2[(a + 2) (a2 – 2a + 4)]

2a3 +16 = 2 (a + 2) (a2 – 2a + 4)

(iii) x3 y3 + 27 

= (xy)3 + 33

Comparing with a3 + b3 we have a = xy ;b = 3

a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)

(xy)3 + 33 = (xy + 3) ((xy)2 – (xy) (3) + 32) = (xy + 3) (x2y2 – 3xy + 9)

∴ x3y3 + 27 = (xy + 3)(x2y2 – 3xy + 9)

(iv) 64m3 + n3 

= (43m3) + n3

= (4m)3 + n3

Comparing this with a3 + b3 we have a = 4m; b = n

a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)

(4m)3 + n3 = (4m + n) [(4m)2 – (4m) (n) + n2]

= (4m + n) [42m2 – 4mn + n2]

= (4m + n) [ 16m2 – 4mn + n2]

64m3 + n3 = (4m + n) (16m2 – 4mn + n2)

(v) r3 + 27p3

= r (r3 + 27p3) = r [r3 + 33p3]

Comparing r3 + (3p)3 with a3 + b3 we have a = r; b = 3p

a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)

r[r3 + (3p)3] = r[(r + 3p)(r2 – r(3p) + (3p)2)]

= r[(r+ 3p) (r2 – 3rp + 32p2]

= r(r + 3p) (r2 – 3rp + 9p2)

r4 + 27p3r = r(r + 3p) (r2 – 3rp + 9p2)

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