Correct Answer - Option 3 : period of formal operation
The theory of Cognitive Development of Jean Piaget concerns the children, not a learner and focus development, not learning. It proposes an individual stage of development, marked by quantitative difference, rather than a gradual increase in number and complexity of behaviour, concept, idea etc. The goal of theory is to explain the mechanism and processes by which the infant, and then the child, develops into an individual who can reason and think using the hypothesis.
Abstract thinking is the ability to think about objects, principles and ideas that are not physically is related to two symbolic thinking which uses the substitution of a symbol for an object. For example, he searches for explanations (e.g., why and how questions); searches for alternative perspectives (e.g., “Are there other ways to think about this?, How might other people think about this?”)
Stages of development-
- Sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2)
- Pre-operational stage (from age 2 to age 7)
- Concrete operational stage (from age 7 to age 11)
- Formal operational stage(age 11+ adolescence and adulthood)
Formal operational stage(age 11+ adolescence and adulthood)-
Intellectual development, Communication, and Learning-
- Children of this age will lose patience with meaningless activity.
- Students are mastering abstract thinking.
- The student may consider many perspectives of all given issue.
- Students enjoy demonstrating acquired knowledge.
Physical development-
- Children of this are very much concerned about body image.
- Children exhibit a small range amount of maturity among peers.
- Puberty is usually completed by 15 for girls and 17 for boys.
Social, emotional, and behavioural development-
- Plan activities that allow teens to try different roles.
- Start thinking of activities to explore.
- Like to talk about their own beliefs.
Hence, we conclude that the period of abstract thinking, which starts from 15 years, has been described by Piaget as the period of formal operation.
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Stage (Age)
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Development
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Sensorimotor (birth to age 2)
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Habits, concepts of object permanence experience, and biological combine
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Preoperational (From age 2 to 7)
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Symbolic thinking, reflective use of word and image
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Concrete operational ( From age 7 to 11)
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Classification, serial ordering, logical reasoning about concrete event concept of conversation
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Formal operational (From 11+ adolescence)
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Abstract thinking, logical hypothetical reasoning idealistic
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