Question

Make a list of batteries that you see around. For example, the batteries used in mobile phone, inverter, car, remote etc.

• See for specifications written on these. 
• Note the material and the voltage generated by them.
• Classify these as reversible or irreversible cells.

chem XII Q3

Answer 1

Here's a list of common batteries along with their specifications, materials, and classifications as reversible or irreversible cells:

1. Mobile Phone Battery
   - Type: Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery  
   - Material: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂) cathode, graphite anode  
   - Voltage: 3.7V to 4.2V  
   - Classification: Reversible (Rechargeable)

2. Inverter Battery 
   - Type: Lead-acid battery  
   - Material: Lead dioxide (PbO₂) cathode, sponge lead (Pb) anode, sulfuric acid electrolyte  
   - Voltage: 12V  
   - Classification: Reversible (Rechargeable)

3. Car Battery 
   - Type: Lead-acid battery  
   - Material: Lead dioxide (PbO₂) cathode, sponge lead (Pb) anode, sulfuric acid electrolyte  
   - Voltage: 12V  
   - Classification: Reversible (Rechargeable)

4. Remote Control Battery 
   - Type: Alkaline battery  
   - Material: Zinc anode, manganese dioxide (MnO₂) cathode  
   - Voltage: 1.5V  
   - Classification: Irreversible (Non-rechargeable)

5. Laptop Battery  
   - Type: Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery  
   - Material: Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂) cathode, graphite anode  
   - Voltage: 11.1V to 14.8V  
   - Classification: Reversible (Rechargeable)

6. Button Cell (Used in watches/calculators)
   - Type: Silver oxide or lithium button cell  
   - Material: Silver oxide or lithium compounds, zinc anode  
   - Voltage: 1.5V (silver oxide), 3V (lithium)  
   - Classification: Irreversible (Non-rechargeable)

7. AA/AAA Rechargeable Battery
   - Type: Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) or Nickel-cadmium (NiCd) battery  
   - Material: Nickel oxyhydroxide cathode, hydrogen-absorbing alloy anode  
   - Voltage: 1.2V  
   - Classification: Reversible (Rechargeable)

These batteries use different materials and technologies, with rechargeable batteries being classified as **reversible** cells, and single-use batteries as irreversible cells.