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What is temporary and permanent hardness of water? Mention which ions cause the hardness of water..

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What is temporary and permanent hardness of water? Mention which ions cause the hardness of water..

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Temporary hardness of water : Presence of calcium, Magnesium bicarbonates in water causes temperory hardness.

Permanent hardness of water : Presence of calcium, magnesium chlorides, sulphates in water causes permanent hardness.

→ Ca+2, Mg+2 ions mainly cause the hardness of water.

→ Salts that cause hardness of water are Ca(HCO3)2, Mg(HCO3)2, CaCl2, MgCl2, CaSO4, MgSO4.

ions : Ca+2, Mg+2, HCO3–, Cl– , SO4–2

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