Correct Answer - Option 2 : Bandura
Albert Bandura, an American psychologist has propounded "observational learning/Social Learning Theory" in which he advocated that:
- cognitive and problem-solving skills can be learned by watching and imitating others.
- new behaviors and experiences are acquired by observing others in the immediate environment.
The observational learning theory of 'Albert Bandura' emphasizes that the process of social learning consists of four steps (respectively) including:
|
Attention
|
It refers to the process of paying attention to the model to observe in order to learn.
|
|
Retention
|
It refers to the process of recalling the learned activity for later use.
|
|
Reproduction
|
It refers to the process of performing or reproducing the learned action.
|
|
Motivation
|
It refers to the process of motivating learners to repeat the observational learning.
|
Hence, it could be concluded that Bandura was the propounder of observational learning.
| Psychologist |
Theory |
Main Idea |
| Pavlov |
Classical Conditioning Theory |
The theory emphasizes that behaviour is learnt by a repetitive association between the response and the stimulus. |
| Skinner |
Theory of Operant Conditioning |
Theory implies the idea that learning takes place through rewarding a certain behavior or withholding reward for undesirable behavior.
|
| Kohler |
Insightful Learning |
The theory emphasizes a sudden solution to the problem as insight doesn't rely on behaviour and observation. |
