Correct Answer - Option 4 : Preparation
Observational learning (also known as vicarious learning, social learning, or modelling) is a type of learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating novel behaviour executed by others. learning through observation is not an exact reproduction of the model’s behaviour but developing behaviour based on the observed behaviour.
According to Bandura, the following four distinct processes are involved in observational learning-
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Attention Process-
- We pay attention to significant features of the behaviour we want to learn.
- For example, a child learning to write in good handwriting watches her teacher and keenly observe the way she writes.
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Retention Process-
- The ability to store information is also an important part of the learning process.
- Retention can be affected by a number of factors, but the ability to pull up information later and act on it is vital to observational learning.
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Motor Reproduction Process-
- After we have retained the observed behaviour through a rehearsal of the visual images, the behaviour has to be transformed into physical actions.
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Motivational Process-
- The child is required to be motivated especially self-motivated to act.
Thus from above-mentioned points, it is clear that Preparation is not a component of Observational Learning.
