Training: Training is the process of teaching the new or present employees, the basic skills they need to effectively perform their job.
Importance of training:
1. Improves employee’s ability and skills.
2. Leads to high morale among the employees.
3. The chances of accidents are very less.
4. Become more eligible for promotion.
5. Maintain industrial peace in the organization.
On the job-training:
It is a method, where workers learn by doing the work. The following are the important methods of on the job training:
1. Apprenticeship training
2. Coaching
3. Internship training
4. Job-rotation
Off the job training
1. Classroom lecture
2. Case-study
3. Vestibule training
4. Computer modeling
On the job means learning while doing. The following are the popular on the job training methods:
1. Apprenticeship Programmes: Apprenticeship programmes put the trainee under the guidance ofa master worker. These are designed to acquire a higher level of skill. People seeking to enter skilled jobs like plumbers, electricians, etc., are required to undergo apprenticeship training.
2. Coaching: In this method, the superior guides and instructs the trainee as a coach. The coach or counselor sets mutually agreed upon goals, suggests how to achieve these goals periodically reviews the trainees progress and suggests changes required in behavior and performance. The trainee works directly with a senior manager and the manager takes full responsibility for the trainee’s coaching.
3. Internship training: It is a joint programme of training in which educational institutions and business firms cooperate. Selected candidates carry on regular studies for the prescribed period. They also work in some factory or office to acquire practical knowledge and skills.
4. Job Rotation: This kind of training involves shifting the trainee from one department to another or from one job to another. This enables the trainee to gain a broader understanding of all parts of the business and how the organization as a whole functions. Job rotation allows trainees to interact with other employees. When employees are trained by this method, the organization finds it easy at the time of promotions, replacements or transfers. Off the job training means learning before doing.
The popular off the job methods of training include:
1. Class room lecture/Conferences: The lecture or conference approach is used to convey specific information effectively. The use of audio-visuals or demonstrations can often make a formal classroom presentation more interesting.
2. Case Study: Cases represent attempts to describe, as accurately as possible the real problems faced by the managers. They are generally taken from actual experiences of the organization and its managers. Trainees study the cases to determine problems, analyse causes, develop alternative solutions, select what they believe to be the best solution and implement it.
3. Computer Modeling: It stimulates the work environment by programming a computer to initiate some of the realities of the job. It also allows learning to take place without the risk or high costs that would be incurred if a mistake occurs in real life situation.
4. Vestibule Training: Employees learn their jobs on the equipment they will be using, but the training is conducted away from the actual work floor. Actual work environments are created in a class room and employees use the same materials, tools and equipment. This is usually done when employees are required to handle sophisticated machinery and equipment.
Conclusion: In order to perform well in an organization, an employee must have the theoretical and practical knowledge of the work. Training provides the practical knowledge that is required of an employee. Thus training is necessary to make the workers alert and active.
